How to Identify the Theme of a Work of Literature

A theme is a central or underlying idea in literature, which may be stated directly or indirectly. All novels, stories, poems, and other literary works have at least one theme running through them. The writer may express insight about humanity or a worldview through a theme. Subject Versus Theme Dont confuse the subject of a work with its theme: The subject is a topic that acts as the foundation for a work of literature, such as marriage in 19th-century France.A  theme is an opinion the author expresses on the subject, for instance, the authors dissatisfaction with the narrow confines of French bourgeois marriage during that period. Major and Minor Themes There can be  major and minor themes in works of literature: A major theme is an idea that a writer repeats in his work, making it the most significant idea in a literary work.A minor theme, on the other hand, refers to an idea that appears in a work briefly and that may or may not give way to another minor theme. Read and Analyze the Work Before you attempt to identify the theme of a work, you must have read the work, and you should understand at least the basics of the plot, characterizations, and other literary elements. Spend some time thinking about the main subjects covered in work. Common subjects include coming of age, death and mourning, racism, beauty, heartbreak and betrayal, loss of innocence, and power and corruption. Next, consider what the authors view on these subjects might be. These views will point you toward the works themes. Heres how to get started. How to Identify Themes in a Published Work Note the plot of the work: Take a few moments to write down the main literary elements: plot, characterization, setting, tone, language style, etc. What were the conflicts in the work? What was the most important moment in the work? Does the author resolve the conflict? How did the work end?Identify the subject of the work: If you were to tell a friend what the work of  literature was about, how would you describe that? What would you say is the topic?Who is the protagonist (the main  character)?  How does he or she change? Does the protagonist affect other characters? How does this character relate to others?Assess the authors point of view: Finally, determine the authors view toward the characters and the choices they make. What might be the authors attitude toward the resolution of the main conflict? What message might the author be sending us? This message is the theme.  You may find clues in the  language  used, in quotes from main characters, or in the final resolut ion of the conflicts. Note that none of these elements (plot, subject, character, or point of view) constitute a theme in and of itself. But identifying them is an important first step in identifying a works major theme or themes.

Regulating Electronic Cigarettes Electronic Cigarette

Cerro Scherer and Tanner Abourezk Mrs. Houseberg Sophomore english 5 February 2015 Regulating Electronic cigarettes Electronic cigarettes, also known as e-cigs or vape pens are so often negatively looked upon as sources of addiction, rather than the health cigarette substitute they really are. E-cigarettes allow the delivery of nicotine to the blood without the nasty side effects caused by tars and carcinogens in traditional cigarettes. The electronic cigarette was patented by Herbert A. Gilbert in 1963, who lived in a society where smoking was generally accepted or even the norm but he saw the dangers of smoking tobacco and was one of the first to try to innovate alternate intake methods. 40 years later Han Lik, a chinese businessman, began to further expand on Herbert A. Gilberts idea of delivery of nicotine without the plethora of harmful chemicals in a lit cigarette. An electronic cigarette is a battery powered device often designed to look like a regular cigarette, inside the e-cig is an atomizer which heats up a liquid containing nicotine. When heated up the liquid becomes a vapor that can be inhaled, similar to cigarette smoke. The FDA (Federal Drug Agency) wants to regulate the sale and advertisement of e-cigs and require manufacturers to acquire an expensive medical license. If these regulations were put into place and enforced it would limit innovation and stifle innovation. Many of the e-cig companies are small or medium sized and family owned and ifShow MoreRelatedUsing Vaporizing Pens Are Becoming A Very Popular Trend Essay1330 Words   |  6 PagesThough still awaiting FDA approval, the electronic cigarette, or e-cigarette, is growing popularity among those attempting to quit smoking. Young people are using vaporizing pens as a â€Å"safe alternative† to smoking. This issue needs to be addressed. 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Case Study Of Congestive Heart Failure †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Case Study Of Congestive Heart Failure. Answer: Outline the causes, incidence and risk factors of the identified condition and how it can impact on the patient and family Causes There are several causes of Congestive Cardiac Failure (CHF) or simply Heart Failure. These can be categorized as follows; Coronary artery disease/heart attack: It encourages the buildup of plaque (fatty deposits) in the arteries that hinders the flow of blood and pave towards heart failure. Hypertension: Hypertension is generally diagnosed with high blood pressure. It is an exaggeration to mention that if the blood pressure is high, the heart have to perform more and due to that exertion, the muscles might be afflicted with stiffness or fatigue, which can affect the efficiency of blood pumping. Cardiomyopathy: Cardiomyopathy can referred as severe damage of the heart muscle. Excessive alcohol consumption coupled with toxic effect of drugs (Tham et al. 2015). It can be congenital. After going through the current conditioned, the evident impression is the congestive cardiac failure is not caused by that. Myocarditis: In an empirical tone, any kind of inflammation of the heart muscles can be referred as Myocarditis. As the patient has a history of MI, Myocarditis can be a cause of congestive cardiac failure (Ter Maaten et al. 2015). Heart arrhythmias: Arrhythmias can be referred to abnormal heart rhythms that indulge the heart to perform more. In the current case, the heart rate (HR) of the is 54bpm (beats per minute) [which is considerably less than the normal heart rhythms which is 72bpm]. Thus, it is evident that it might be also a potent cause. Incidence and risk factors In the current context, the risk factors are strongly dependent on the root causes that might pave the patient towards mortality. The incidences upon which the risk factors are framed can be categorized as CHF affliction rates are higher in Afro-Americans as compared to the non-Hispanic whites It is chiefly a disease in which the older adults are more prone to be afflicted with (6% to 10% who are of greater age than 65) Major cause of the older peoples to be hospitalized Risk factors are High blood pressure or hypertension Coronary artery diseases Heart attack Diabetes Sleep apnoea Impact It has been observed that the patient who has been diagnosed with CHF and the family are prone to become traumatized. In this regard, it can be mentioned that, a little modification of regular lifestyle can cause considerable emancipation of the condition. List 5 common signs and symptoms of the identified condition The 5 common symptoms of CHF can be categorized as follows; Palpitations In cases of CHF, in terms of a common consequence, an abnormal rate of sinus rhythm has been perceived which is due to the inability of the heart to pump blood and circulate it properly (impeded cardiac output) (Nichols et al. 2015). Thus, it is due to the considerable alteration of the cardiac rhythm that causes palpitations of a patient diagnosed with CHF. Edema or swelling This phenomenon especially occurs in concert with erratic Starling forces such as a considerable reduction in the plasma oncotic pressure or abrupt increase in venous capillary pressure. This Starling forces directly informs the interruption in blood circulation and subsequently promote fluid extravasations that subsequently informs edema formation (Mentz O'connor, 2016). Shortness of breath It has been observed that this phenomenon has been accompanied with the senses of fatigue, internal strangulation and sterna compression. In the case of CHF (especially later stages), the pulmonary circulation has been hindered due to the left ventricular failure (Mehra et al. 2017). This is the main reason behind the formation of dyspnea accompanied by mild exertion. Furthermore, the patient develop a tendency to form paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (better known as orthopnea) (Mehra et al. 2017). Wheezing (pink, foamy mucus) The main cause of foamy mucus is late stages of pulmonary edema. However, the fluid in pulmonary edema can be considered as transuded, there are chances to have blood in them. In most of the cases, it has been observed that due to acute lung congestion, there are possibilities of micro-hemorrhages along with the presence of heart failure cells (especially macrophages laden with hemosiderin). This is pathophysiological illustration of the mucus being pink and frothy (Kuvhenguhwa, Belgrave, Shah, Bayer Miller, 2017). Mild Nausea/dizziness In an empirical tone, the dizziness is chiefly caused by impeded blood flow coupled with abnormal heartbeats. Furthermore, postural hypotension or a temporary decline in blood pressure can also be considered as the reason of dizziness. Describe 2 common classes of drugs used for patients with the identified condition The 2 common classes of drugs that has been used with the patients of the identified conditions can be empirically categorized as; Beta Blockers As one of major consequences of CHF is impeded blood flow with hypertension, this class of drugs has been used to cause a considerable decline in the heart rate and corresponding blood pressure. Apart from that, beta blockers are potent enough to protect the heart from the substances that can cause severe damage of the heart. The excessive use of Beta Blockers can cause several physiological side effects, which, in some cases, might lead towards several lethal consequences. The most controversial aspect is that it might worsen the complications prior to congestive heart failure. Apart from that, it can cause dizziness and fatigue. The popular medicines in this genre, which have been frequently used in the cases of CHF, is a low dose of metoprolol and carvedilol (Heslinga et al. 2015). ACE Inhibitors ACE is the acronym of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, which is a very effective measure to combat with the hormones that can cause severe damage to the heart (Harada et al. 2016). Apart from that, it assists in the opening of blood vessels while helping to reduce the blood pressure in order to lessen the workload of the heart. One of the major side effects of using excessive ACE inhibitors is it might increase the potassium level from the critical physiological level. Apar from that, it can cause a significant impact on the functionalities of kidney. The popular ACE inhibitors that have been used in the course of recovering from CHF are captopril and lisinopril (Harada et al. 2016). Physiological effect of each class The physiological effects of Beta Blockers can be categorized as; Dizziness Fatigue/Feeling tired The typical symptoms might get worsen The physiological effects of ACE inhibitors can be categorized as; Increased potassium levels (Mrs McKenzie has been diagnosed with a Potassium level of 2.5mmol/L) Considerable alterations in the kidney functions Mild Nausea Dizziness Identify and explain the prioritization of the nursing care strategies In case of admission of a patient with the symptoms of CHF, the nurses have to act prudently in order to ensure the effectiveness of their strategies in terms of prioritization. For instance, the nurses are required to enable the admitted to go through a chronological serious of tests in order to procure the assurance regarding the current disease. In the incipient phase, they are required to send the patient for a test of blood pressure. In this course, the nurses are also required to run their eyes on the medicines on the foundation of which the patient have developed the current condition. Afterwards, the nurses are required to enlist the Heart rate of the patient in their accounts while having a sincere look in the Respiratory rate as well. Furthermore, the nurses are also required to scrutinize the ECG report and Chest X-ray in order to identify the chances of Sinus Bradycardia and cardiac enlargement, which, in terms of priority, is considered as a cardinal step towards the diagnosis of the disease properly (Di Biase et al. 2016). In the cases like Mrs McKenzie who has a history of Myocardial Infarction, the report of the Full Blood Count (FBC), Liver Function Tests (LFT) and the examination of Urea-electrolytes and creatinine (UEC) are expected to be prepared (Fisher et al. 2014). In the cases of new admission, the nurses are required to send the patient and the family to have the report of the above-mentioned tests as early as possible. In concluding thenursing care plan, the requisite steps can be categorized in a systematic fashion, which might look like; (These are only applicable for the patients who have immediate requirements) This can be presented in a form of Congestive Heart Failure Nursing care plan The Subjective data are Impediments in terms of breathing Wheezing with a pink frothy mucus Heart pounding and palpatations The Objective data Edema (especially in legs or ankles) Crackled lung bases Wheezing upon exertion The rationale ofNursing interventions can be posited as follows; Monitoring heart rhythm The nurses are obliged to get a 12 lead ECG in order to resolve the issues associated with peripheral edema. Restriction of Sodium intake Fixing the salt limit to 300-600 mg/serve as the patient is in a situation when he/she needs to get rid of the overboard of fluid Monitor BNP (Normal range will be 100 pg/mL) BNP is the acronym of Brain Natriuretic Peptide, which the heart is prone to release during its adherence to any stress (Bardy, 2016). The nurses are required to keep it less than 100pg/mL Administration of diuretics (with a pee plan) After the preparation of a pee plan, the nurses are obliged to administer diuretics such as Furosemide, Bumetanide, Hydrochlorothiazide and Spironolactone etc Monitor swelling or edema The edema can be consistently monitored through bony prominence in order to discern the nature of the edema (whether it is pitting edema or not). This has been popularly measured by judging the indentation of the skin. References Bardy, G. (2016).U.S. Patent No. 9,232,900. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Di Biase, L., Mohanty, P., Mohanty, S., Santangeli, P., Trivedi, C., Lakkireddy, D., ... Casella, M. (2016). Ablation vs. amiodarone for treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation in patients with congestive heart failure and an implanted device: results from the AATAC multicenter randomized trial.Circulation, CIRCULATIONAHA-115. Fisher, S. A., Brunskill, S. J., Doree, C., Mathur, A., Taggart, D. P., Martin-Rendon, E. (2014). Stem cell therapy for chronic ischaemic heart disease and congestive heart failure.Cochrane Database Syst Rev,4(4). Harada, M., Hojo, M., Kamiya, K., Kadomatsu, K., Murohara, T., Kodama, I., Horiba, M. (2016). Exogenous midkine administration prevents cardiac remodeling in pacing-induced congestive heart failure of rabbits.Heart and vessels,31(1), 96-104. Heslinga, S. C., Sijl, A. M. V., De Boer, K., Van Halm, V. P., Nurmohamed, M. T. (2015). Tumor necrosis factor blocking therapy and congestive heart failure in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disorders: a systematic review.Current medicinal chemistry,22(16), 1892-1902. Kuvhenguhwa, M. S., Belgrave, K. O., Shah, S. U., Bayer, A. S., Miller, L. G. (2017). A Case of Early Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis Caused by Staphylococcus warneri in a Patient Presenting With Congestive Heart Failure.Cardiology research,8(5), 236. Mehra, P., Mehta, V., Sukhija, R., Sinha, A. K., Gupta, M., Girish, M. P., Aronow, W. S. (2017). Pulmonary hypertension in left heart disease.Archives of Medical Science,13(1). Mentz, R. J., O'connor, C. M. (2016). Pathophysiology and clinical evaluation of acute heart failure.Nature Reviews Cardiology,13(1), 28. Nichols, G. A., Reynolds, K., Kimes, T. M., Rosales, A. G., Chan, W. W. (2015). Comparison of risk of re-hospitalization, all-cause mortality, and medical care resource utilization in patients with heart failure and preserved versus reduced ejection fraction.American Journal of Cardiology,116(7), 1088-1092. Ter Maaten, J. M., Valente, M. A., Damman, K., Hillege, H. L., Navis, G., Voors, A. A. (2015). Diuretic response in acute heart failurepathophysiology, evaluation, and therapy.Nature Reviews Cardiology,12(3), 184. Tham, Y. K., Bernardo, B. C., Ooi, J. Y., Weeks, K. L., McMullen, J. R. (2015). Pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure: signaling pathways and novel therapeutic targets.Archives of toxicology,89(9), 1401-1438. Volpe, M., Carnovali, M., Mastromarino, V. (2016). The natriuretic peptides system in the pathophysiology of heart failure: from molecular basis to treatment.Clinical Science,130(2), 57-77.

Who I Am and Who I Am Becoming free essay sample

Who am I and who am I becoming? We must first know who we are to decide what it is we want to become. After 17 years I feel like I know who I am, so the question remains, who am I to become? Tony Robbins said, â€Å"Life is a gift, and it offers us the privilege, opportunity, and responsibility to give something back by becoming more.† So I only hope to become something more by bettering myself each day so I can be able ‘to give something back’. So who am I? I am the daughter of Shane and Lori, I have four brothers, and I am a high school student. Some of my hobbies are soccer, basketball, softball, tennis, swimming, camping, hunting, hiking, fishing, reading, playing the piano and violin, running, riding bikes, hanging out with family and friends, and eating. I like food, sports, shopping, and making people happy. We will write a custom essay sample on Who I Am and Who I Am Becoming or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What am I trying to become? My goals include having my own family, receiving a Master’s degree, and living a long and happy life. My dreams include but are not limited to being in four places at once, building a home for the needy and poor in foreign countries, inspiring and moving others, traveling the world, locating 42 Wallaby Way, Sydney, and drinking blue Gatorade out of a Windex bottle while walking down the street. But I really do want to be an inspiration to others. Who am I? I am someone who is hoping to reach my goals and dreams and one day be something more. So how do I get from what I am to what I want to become? How do I change dreams and ideas into a reality? Well first I make sure the Windex bottle is really clean, then I take the Gatora†¦ ? No, I make a plan, I break it down into simple steps and write them down. I get my hopes not just in my mind but on a piece of paper where others can see. I look at the examples from the past, good or bad. I understand what helped them get through an obstacle, or what created the bump in the road. I set my path and try to follow it. So who am I? I am someone who is trying to reach my dreams; I am someone who is trying to be something more. Once decided on my course of action, I resolve to stick to it. Trials will come up, hopes will fall down. Discouragement and doubt is possible but determent and dissuasion are not. I will not forget my goals or my tenacity for them. I know that it is ultimately up to me to choose my attitude and work ethic and whether or not I do my best. And in the end, as long as I do my very best, I will be who I wanted to become. So who am I? I am someone who is going to reach their goals, aspirations, and ambitions. And I am going to give something back by becoming something more.